Plate Dynamics Earth's lithosphere consists of major and minor plates moving through mantle convection currents. These movements cause continental drift, earthquakes, and volcanic activity at plate boundaries. Divergent boundaries create new crust, while convergent boundaries recycle old crust through subduction. Geological Impact Plate

Fresh Water Distribution Earth's freshwater comprises 3% of total water, with 69% locked in glaciers and ice caps. Groundwater aquifers store 30% of freshwater, while surface water in rivers and lakes represents 0.3%. Distribution varies geographically, creating water-stressed regions affecting 2 billion people globally. Resource Management

Species Distribution Earth hosts an estimated 8.7 million species, with tropical regions containing highest biodiversity. Organisms evolved diverse adaptations across ecosystems, from deep oceans to mountain peaks. Species distribution follows patterns based on climate, geography, and historical factors that created distinct biogeographic region

Historical Development Time zones emerged from railroad expansion and global navigation needs. The 1884 International Meridian Conference established Greenwich as prime meridian, dividing Earth into 24 zones. This standardization enabled global commerce and communication coordination while respecting local solar time patterns. Modern Time Man